Janus: The God of Transition

Janus:

Many believe the month of January to be named after the Roman God Janus, the god of thresholds.The worship of Janus traditionally dates back to Romulus and a period even before the actual founding of the city of Rome.
 Janus is the God of doorways and archways. In fact the Roman word for a ceremonial doorway is januae while an archway was a jani.

 There were many Jani (i.e., ceremonial gateways) in Rome; these were usually freestanding structures that were used for symbolically auspicious entrances or exits. Particular superstition was attached to the departure of a Roman army, for which there were lucky and unlucky ways to march through a janus. The most famous janus in Rome was the Janus Geminus,  which was actually a shrine of Janus at the north side of the Forum. It was a simple rectangular bronze structure with double doors at each end. Traditionally, the doors of this shrine were left open in time of war and were kept closed when Rome was at peace. According to the Roman historian Livy, the gates were closed only twice in all the long period between Numa Pompilius (7th century bc) and Augustus (1st century bc).
in Roman religion,
Some scholars regard Janus as the god of all beginnings and believe that his association with doorways is derivative. He was invoked as the first of any gods in regular liturgies. The beginning of the day, month, and year, both calendrical and agricultural, were sacred to him. Some believe the month of January is named for him, his festival taking  place on January 9, the Agonium. There were several important temples erected to Janus, and it is assumed that there was also an early cult on the Janiculum, which the ancients took to mean “the city of Janus.”

Janus was represented by a double-faced head, and he was represented in art either with or without a beard. Occasionally he was depicted as four-faced—as the spirit of the four-way arch.
Modern people embrace the spirit of Janus in the making of New Years resolutions. As pagans, we may use the power of Janus to not only guide our path into the new year but in a monthly renewal of those intentions.